RBD Mirroring

Disaster Recovery

Disaster recovery (DR) is an organization’s ability to react to and recover from an incident that negatively affects business operations. This plan comprises strategies for minimizing the consequences of a disaster, so an organization can continue to operate – or quickly resume the key operations. Thus, disaster recovery is one of the aspects of business continuity. One of the solutions, to achieve the same, is RBD mirroring.

RBD Mirroring

RBD mirroring is an asynchronous replication of RBD images between multiple Ceph clusters. This capability is available in two modes:

• Journal-based: Every write to the RBD image is first recorded to the associated journal before modifying the actual image. The remote cluster will read from this associated journal and replay the updates to its local image.
• Snapshot-based: This mode uses periodically scheduled or manually created RBD image mirror-snapshots to replicate crash-consistent RBD images between clusters.

Note: This document sheds light on rbd mirroring and how to set it up using rook. For steps on failover or failback scenarios

Table of Contents

• Create RBD Pools
• Bootstrap Peers
• Configure the RBDMirror Daemon
• Add mirroring peer information to RBD pools
• Enable CSI Replication Sidecars
• Volume Replication Custom Resources
• Enable mirroring on a PVC
  • Creating a VolumeReplicationClass CR
  • Creating a VolumeReplications CR
  • Check VolumeReplication CR status
• Backup and Restore

Create RBD Pools

In this section, we create specific RBD pools that are RBD mirroring enabled for use with the DR use case.

Execute the following steps on each peer cluster to create mirror enabled pools:

• Create a RBD pool that is enabled for mirroring by adding the section spec.mirroring in the CephBlockPool CR:

apiVersion: ceph.rook.io/v1
kind: CephBlockPool
metadata:
  name: mirroredpool
  namespace: rook-ceph
spec:
  replicated:
    size: 1
  mirroring:
    enabled: true
    mode: image

kubectl create -f pool-mirrored.yaml

• Repeat the steps on the peer cluster.

NOTE: Pool name across the cluster peers must be the same for RBD replication to function.

See the CephBlockPool documentation for more details.

Note: It is also feasible to edit existing pools and enable them for replication.

Bootstrap Peers

In order for the rbd-mirror daemon to discover its peer cluster, the peer must be registered and a user account must be created.

The following steps enable bootstrapping peers to discover and authenticate to each other:

• For Bootstrapping a peer cluster its bootstrap secret is required. To determine the name of the secret that contains the bootstrap secret execute the following command on the remote cluster (cluster-2)

[cluster-2]$ kubectl get cephblockpool.ceph.rook.io/mirroredpool -n rook-ceph -ojsonpath='{.status.info.rbdMirrorBootstrapPeerSecretName}'

Here, pool-peer-token-mirroredpool is the desired bootstrap secret name.

• The secret pool-peer-token-mirroredpool contains all the information related to the token and needs to be injected to the peer, to fetch the decoded secret:

[cluster-2]$ kubectl get secret -n rook-ceph pool-peer-token-mirroredpool -o jsonpath='{.data.token}'|base64 -d

eyJmc2lkIjoiNGQ1YmNiNDAtNDY3YS00OWVkLThjMGEtOWVhOGJkNDY2OTE3IiwiY2xpZW50X2lkIjoicmJkLW1pcnJvci1wZWVyIiwia2V5IjoiQVFDZ3hmZGdxN013R0JBQWZzcUtCaGpZVjJUZDRxVzJYQm5kemc9PSIsIm1vbl9ob3N0IjoiW3YyOjE5Mi4xNjguMzkuMzY6MzMwMCx2MToxOTIuMTY4LjM5LjM2OjY3ODldIn0=

• With this Decoded value, create a secret on the primary site (cluster-1):

[cluster-1]$ kubectl -n rook-ceph create secret generic rbd-primary-site-secret --from-literal=token=eyJmc2lkIjoiNGQ1YmNiNDAtNDY3YS00OWVkLThjMGEtOWVhOGJkNDY2OTE3IiwiY2xpZW50X2lkIjoicmJkLW1pcnJvci1wZWVyIiwia2V5IjoiQVFDZ3hmZGdxN013R0JBQWZzcUtCaGpZVjJUZDRxVzJYQm5kemc9PSIsIm1vbl9ob3N0IjoiW3YyOjE5Mi4xNjguMzkuMzY6MzMwMCx2MToxOTIuMTY4LjM5LjM2OjY3ODldIn0= --from-literal=pool=mirroredpool

• This completes the bootstrap process for cluster-1 to be peered with cluster-2.
• Repeat the process switching cluster-2 in place of cluster-1, to complete the bootstrap process across both peer clusters.

For more details, refer to the official rbd mirror documentation on how to create a bootstrap peer.

Configure the RBDMirror Daemon

Replication is handled by the rbd-mirror daemon. The rbd-mirror daemon is responsible for pulling image updates from the remote, peer cluster, and applying them to image within the local cluster.

Creation of the rbd-mirror daemon(s) is done through the custom resource definitions (CRDs), as follows:

• Create mirror.yaml, to deploy the rbd-mirror daemon

apiVersion: ceph.rook.io/v1
kind: CephRBDMirror
metadata:
  name: my-rbd-mirror
  namespace: openshift-storage
spec:
  # the number of rbd-mirror daemons to deploy
  count: 1

• Create the RBD mirror daemon

[cluster-1]$ kubectl create -f mirror.yaml -n rook-ceph

• Validate if rbd-mirror daemon pod is now up

[cluster-1]$ kubectl get pods -n rook-ceph

rook-ceph-rbd-mirror-a-6985b47c8c-dpv4k  1/1  Running  0  10s

• Verify that daemon health is OK

kubectl get cephblockpools.ceph.rook.io mirroredpool -n rook-ceph -o jsonpath='{.status.mirroringStatus.summary}'

{"daemon_health":"OK","health":"OK","image_health":"OK","states":{"replaying":1}}

• Repeat the above steps on the peer cluster.

See the CephRBDMirror CRD for more details on the mirroring settings.

Add mirroring peer information to RBD pools

Each pool can have its own peer. To add the peer information, patch the already created mirroring enabled pool to update the CephBlockPool CRD.

[cluster-1]$ kubectl -n rook-ceph patch cephblockpool mirroredpool --type merge -p '{"spec":{"mirroring":{"peers": {"secretNames": ["rbd-primary-site-secret"]}}}}'

Create VolmeReplication CRDs

Volume Replication Operator follows controller pattern and provides extended APIs for storage disaster recovery. The extended APIs are provided via Custom Resource Definition(CRD). Create the VolumeReplication CRDs on all the peer clusters.

$ kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/csi-addons/volume-replication-operator/v0.1.0/config/crd/bases/replication.storage.openshift.io_volumereplications.yaml

$ kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/csi-addons/volume-replication-operator/v0.1.0/config/crd/bases/replication.storage.openshift.io_volumereplicationclasses.yaml

Enable CSI Replication Sidecars

To achieve RBD Mirroring, csi-omap-generator and volume-replication containers need to be deployed in the RBD provisioner pods, which are not enabled by default.

• Omap Generator: Omap generator is a sidecar container that when deployed with the CSI provisioner pod, generates the internal CSI omaps between the PV and the RBD image. This is required as static PVs are transferred across peer clusters in the DR use case, and hence is needed to preserve PVC to storage mappings.

• Volume Replication Operator: Volume Replication Operator is a kubernetes operator that provides common and reusable APIs for storage disaster recovery. It is based on csi-addons/spec specification and can be used by any storage provider. For more details, refer to volume replication operator.

Execute the following steps on each peer cluster to enable the OMap generator and Volume Replication sidecars:

• Edit the rook-ceph-operator-config configmap and add the following configurations

kubectl edit cm rook-ceph-operator-config -n rook-ceph

Add the following properties if not present:

data:
  CSI_ENABLE_OMAP_GENERATOR: "true"
  CSI_ENABLE_VOLUME_REPLICATION: "true"

• After updating the configmap with those settings, two new sidecars should now start automatically in the CSI provisioner pod.
• Repeat the steps on the peer cluster.

Volume Replication Custom Resources

VolumeReplication CRDs provide support for two custom resources:

• VolumeReplicationClass: VolumeReplicationClass is a cluster scoped resource that contains driver related configuration parameters. It holds the storage admin information required for the volume replication operator.

• VolumeReplication: VolumeReplication is a namespaced resource that contains references to storage object to be replicated and VolumeReplicationClass corresponding to the driver providing replication.

For more information, please refer to the volume-replication-operator.

Enable mirroring on a PVC

Below guide assumes that we have a PVC (rbd-pvc) in BOUND state; created using StorageClass with Retain reclaimPolicy.

[cluster-1]$ kubectl get pvc

NAME      STATUS   VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS      AGE
rbd-pvc   Bound    pvc-65dc0aac-5e15-4474-90f4-7a3532c621ec   1Gi        RWO            csi-rbd-sc   44s

Create a Volume Replication Class CR

In this case, we create a Volume Replication Class on cluster-1

[cluster-1]$ kubectl apply -f cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph/volume-replication-class.yaml

Note: The schedulingInterval can be specified in formats of minutes, hours or days using suffix m,h and d respectively. The optional schedulingStartTime can be specified using the ISO 8601 time format.

Create a VolumeReplication CR

• Once VolumeReplicationClass is created, create a Volume Replication for the PVC which we intend to replicate to secondary cluster.

[cluster-1]$ kubectl apply -f cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph/volume-replication.yaml

:memo: VolumeReplication is a namespace scoped object. Thus, it should be created in the same namespace as of PVC.

Checking Replication Status

replicationState is the state of the volume being referenced. Possible values are primary, secondary, and resync.

• primary denotes that the volume is primary.
• secondary denotes that the volume is secondary.
• resync denotes that the volume needs to be resynced.

To check VolumeReplication CR status:

[cluster-1]$kubectl get volumereplication pvc-volumereplication -oyaml

...
spec:
 dataSource:
   apiGroup: ""
   kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
   name: rbd-pvc
 replicationState: primary
 volumeReplicationClass: rbd-volumereplicationclass
status:
 conditions:
 - lastTransitionTime: "2021-05-04T07:39:00Z"
   message: ""
   observedGeneration: 1
   reason: Promoted
   status: "True"
   type: Completed
 - lastTransitionTime: "2021-05-04T07:39:00Z"
   message: ""
   observedGeneration: 1
   reason: Healthy
   status: "False"
   type: Degraded
 - lastTransitionTime: "2021-05-04T07:39:00Z"
   message: ""
   observedGeneration: 1
   reason: NotResyncing
   status: "False"
   type: Resyncing
 lastCompletionTime: "2021-05-04T07:39:00Z"
 lastStartTime: "2021-05-04T07:38:59Z"
 message: volume is marked primary
 observedGeneration: 1
 state: Primary

Backup & Restore

NOTE: To effectively resume operations after a failover/relocation, backup of the kubernetes artifacts like deployment, PVC, PV, etc need to be created beforehand by the admin; so that the application can be restored on the peer cluster.

Here, we take a backup of PVC and PV object on one site, so that they can be restored later to the peer cluster.

Take backup on cluster-1

• Take backup of the PVC rbd-pvc

[cluster-1]$ kubectl  get pvc rbd-pvc -oyaml > pvc-backup.yaml

• Take a backup of the PV, corresponding to the PVC

[cluster-1]$ kubectl get pv/pvc-65dc0aac-5e15-4474-90f4-7a3532c621ec -oyaml > pv_backup.yaml

Note: We can also take backup using external tools like Velero. See velero documentation for more information.

Restore the backup on cluster-2

• Create storageclass on the secondary cluster

[cluster-2]$ kubectl create -f examples/rbd/storageclass.yaml

• Create VolumeReplicationClass on the secondary cluster

[cluster-1]$ kubectl apply -f cluster/examples/kubernetes/ceph/volume-replication-class.yaml

volumereplicationclass.replication.storage.openshift.io/rbd-volumereplicationclass created

• If Persistent Volumes and Claims are created manually on the secondary cluster, remove the claimRef on the backed up PV objects in yaml files; so that the PV can get bound to the new claim on the secondary cluster.

...
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  capacity:
    storage: 1Gi
  claimRef:
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
    name: rbd-pvc
    namespace: default
    resourceVersion: "64252"
    uid: 65dc0aac-5e15-4474-90f4-7a3532c621ec
  csi:
...

• Apply the Persistent Volume backup from the primary cluster

[cluster-2]$ kubectl create -f pv-backup.yaml

• Apply the Persistent Volume claim from the restored backup

[cluster-2]$ kubectl create -f pvc-backup.yaml

[cluster-2]$ kubectl get pvc

NAME      STATUS   VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS      AGE
rbd-pvc   Bound    pvc-65dc0aac-5e15-4474-90f4-7a3532c621ec   1Gi        RWO            rook-ceph-block   44s